Peri Implantitis
- Prevalance and Risk Factors
How common is peri-implantitis?
There are conflicting reports relating to the prevalence of peri-implantitis. However, a consensus report from the 6th European Workshop on Periodontology found that it affected between 28% and 56% of subjects.[i] Further to this, a systematic review estimates the mean prevalence of peri-implantitis to be 22%, but acknowledges that the included studies vary in terms of thresholds for bone loss or bone levels, potentially impacting their findings.[ii]
What are the risk factors for peri-implantitis?
There are a number of potential risk factors for peri-implantitis, so it is important that these are taken into consideration when planning dental implant treatment. Risks may include poor oral hygiene, smoking, a history of periodontal disease, excess cement, systemic illnesses, and insufficient maintenance.[iii]
Is history of periodontitis a risk factor for peri-implant disease?
Research suggests that patients who have a history of periodontitis are at an increased risk of developing peri-implantitis.[iii] [v]
Is smoking a risk factor for peri-implant disease?
Regarding smoking as a risk factor for peri-implantitis, there are conflicting results in the research. Some suggest that smoking should be considered as a risk indicator for its development,[iii] whilst other research is inconclusive.[v]
Further Reading
Further reading:
Aghaloo T, Pi-Anfruns J, Moshaverinia A, Sim D, Grogan T, Hadaya D. The Effects of Systemic Diseases and Medications on Implant Osseointegration: A Systematic Review. Int J Oral MaxIllofac Implants 2019;34(suppl):s35–s49. Source: AO 2018 Summit, 8-10 August 2018, Oak Brook, Illinois
Apaza Alccayhuaman KA, Soto‐Peñaloza D, Nakajima Y, Papageorgiou SN, Botticelli D, Lang NP. Biological and technical complications of tilted implants in comparison with straight implants supporting fixed dental prostheses. A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2018;29(Suppl. 18):295–308. Source: 5th EAO Consensus Conference 7–10 February 2018, Pfäffikon, Schwyz, Switzerland
Cosyn J, De Lat L, Seyssens L, et al. The effectiveness of immediate implant placement for single tooth replacement compared to delayed implant placement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2019;46(Suppl. 21):224–241. Source: 15th European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration
Doornewaard R, Jacquet W, Cosyn J, De Bruyn H. How do peri‐implant biologic parameters correspond with implant survival and peri‐implantitis? A critical review. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2018;29(Suppl. 18):100–123. Source: 5th EAO Consensus Conference 7–10 February 2018, Pfäffikon, Schwyz, Switzerland
Giannobile WV, Jung RE, Schwarz F; on behalf of the Groups of the 2nd Osteology Foundation Consensus Meeting. Evidence-based knowledge on the aesthetics and maintenance of peri-implant soft tissues: Osteology Foundation Consensus Report Part 1—Effects of Soft Tissue Augmentation Procedures on the Maintenance of Peri-implant Soft Tissue Health. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2018;29(Suppl. 15):7–10. Source: 2nd Consensus Meeting of the Osteology Foundation, Weggis, Switzerland
Graziani F, Chappuis V, Molina A, et al. Effectiveness and clinical performance of early implant placement for the replacement of single teeth in anterior areas: A systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2019;46(Suppl. 21):242–256. Source: 15th European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration
Hämmerle CHF, Cordaro L, Alccayhuaman KAA, et al. Biomechanical aspects: Summary and consensus statements of group 4. The 5th EAO Consensus Conference 2018. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2018;29(Suppl. 18):326–331. Source: 5th EAO Consensus Conference 7–10 February 2018, Pfäffikon, Schwyz, Switzerland
Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Aaboe M, Araujo M, et al. Group 4 ITI Consensus Report: Risks and biologic complications associated with implant dentistry. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2018;29(Suppl. 16):351–358. Source: 6th ITI Consensus Conference, Amsterdam, 17–19 April 2018
Jepsen S, Schwarz F, Cordaro L, et al. Regeneration of alveolar ridge defects. Consensus report of group 4 of the 15th European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration. J Clin Periodontol. 2019;46(Suppl. 21):277–286. Source: 15th European Workshop on Periodontology on Bone Regeneration
Klinge B, Flemming T, Cosyn J, De Bruyn H, Eisner B M, Hultin M, Isidor F, Lang N P, Lund B, Meyle J, Mombelli A, Navarro J M, Pjetursson B, Renvert S, Schliephake H. The patient undergoing implant therapy. Summary and consensus statements. The 4th EAO Consensus Conference 2015. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 26 (Suppl. 11), 2015, 64–67. Source: 4th EAO Consensus Conference 11–14 February 2015, Pfaffikon, Schwyz, Switzerland
Lin W-S, Eckert SE. Clinical performance of intentionally tilted implants versus axially positioned implants: A systematic review. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2018;29(Suppl. 16):78–105. Source: 6th ITI Consensus Conference, Amsterdam, 17–19 April 2018
Linkevicius T, Vaitelis J. The effect of zirconia or titanium as abutment material on soft peri-implant tissues: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 26 (Suppl. 11), 2015, 139–147. Source: 4th EAO Consensus Conference 11–14 February 2015, Pfaffikon, Schwyz, Switzerland
Morton D, Gallucci G, Lin W, et al. Group 2 ITI Consensus Report: Prosthodontics and implant dentistry. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2018;29(Suppl. 16):215–223. Source: 6th ITI Consensus Conference, Amsterdam, 17–19 April 2018
Pjetursson BE, Valente NA, Strasding M, Zwahlen M, Liu S, Sailer I. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of zirconia-ceramic and metal-ceramic single crowns. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2018;29(Suppl. 16):199–214. Source: 6th ITI Consensus Conference, Amsterdam, 17–19 April 2018
Roehling S, Schlegel KA, Woelfler H, Gahlert M. Performance and outcome of zirconia dental implants in clinical studies: A meta-analysis. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2018;29(Suppl. 16):135–153. Source: 6th ITI Consensus Conference, Amsterdam, 17–19 April 2018
References:
[i] Lindhe J, Meyle J. Peri-implant diseases: Consensus Report of the Sixth European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35 (Suppl. 8): 282–285.
[ii] Derks J, Tomasi C. Peri-implant health and disease. A systematic review of current epidemiology. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42 (Suppl. 16): S158–S171.
[iii] Renvert S, Quirynen M. Risk indicators for peri-implantitis. A narrative review. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 26 (Suppl. 11), 2015, 15–44.
[v] Schwarz F, Derks J, Monje A, Wang H-L. Peri-implantitis. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S267–S290.